| $ | $ | % | Prompt. |
| | >! | Force redirection. |
| | >>! | Force append. |
> file 2>&1 | > file 2>&1 | >& file | Combine stdout and stderr. |
| | { } | Expand elements in list. |
| ` ` | $( ) | ` ` | Substitute output of enclosed command. |
| $HOME | $HOME | $home | Home directory. |
| ~ | ~ | Home directory symbol. |
var=value | var=value | set var=value | Variable assignment. |
export var | export var=val | setenv var val | Set environment variable. |
| ${nn} | | More than 9 args can be referenced. |
| "$@" | "$@" | | All args as separate words. |
| $# | $# | $#argv | Number of arguments. |
| $? | $? | $status | Exit status. |
| $! | $! | | Background exit status. |
| $- | $- | | Current options. |
. file | . file | source file | Read commands in file. |
| alias x=y | alias x y | Name x stands for y. |
| case | case | switch/case | Choose alternatives. |
| cd ~- | popd/pushd | Switch directories. |
| done | done | end | End a loop statement. |
| esac | esac | endsw | End case or switch. |
exit [n] | exit [n] | exit [(expr)] | Exit with a status. |
| for/do | for/do | foreach | Loop through variables. |
| print -r | glob | Ignore echo escapes. |
| hash | alias -t | hashstat | Display hashed commands (tracked aliases). |
hash cmds | alias -t cmds | rehash | Remember command locations. |
| hash -r | | unhash | Forget command locations. |
| history | history | List previous commands. |
| r | !! | Redo previous command. |
| r str | !str | Redo command that starts with str. |
| r x=y cmd | !cmd:s/x/y/ | Edit command, then execute. |
if [ $i -eq 5 ] | if ((i==5)) | if ($i==5) | Sample if statement. |
| fi | fi | endif | End if statement. |
| ulimit | ulimit | limit | Set resource limits. |
| pwd | pwd | dirs | Print working directory. |
| read | read | $< | Read from terminal. |
| trap 2 | trap 2 | onintr | Ignore interrupts. |
| unalias | unalias | Remove aliases. |
| until | until | | Begin until loop. |
| while/do | while/do | while | Begin while loop. |
